With an increase of CCUS activities in the industrial sector, this GHGT session incorporated the views of international experts on the integration of CO2 capture in different facilities.
Ruby Ray, from Wood, presented their work on CCS in fertilisers and cement production facilities. In the case of the fertiliser production, a non-urea product with CO2 capture through PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) was explored, considering a fertilisers production of 75t/h and 90% of carbon capture. In the case of the cement production plant, it produces 760kt/year of cement and there is not steam available in the original facility to use in the CO2 capture system. For both cases, chemical absorption was the modelled system and, consequently, desulphurization is required. The economic framework is similar in both industries, apart from the infrastructure connection. It was observed that the cost was higher in the case of the cement plant, 154 $/tCO2, compared to the 57.5 $/tCO2 in the fertiliser plant.
Jeff Kloosterman, from Air Products, discussed the coal gasification and CO2 utilisation integrated in chemical plants. He presented the Sour PSA technology for hydrogen and syngas production with CO2 removal. Based on their analysis, this technology offers a lower CAPEX than physical solvents. Furthermore, gasification can be flexible to capture CO2 from different industrial sources.
Maximilian Biermann, from Chalmers University, presented the Preem CCS project and focused on the heat integration of the CO2 capture system with the original facility. He introduced the evaluation of the heat integration by using their developed method. This method can assess the quantification and cost of the heat integration, as an optimum deployment can reduce the CO2 capture costs by 50%. In specific cases, the residual heat could supply up to 78% of the heat required for the capture system.
Syed Zaheer Abbas, from the University of Manchester, presented the C4U project, which integrates the CASOH system (Calcium Assisted Steel mill Off-gas Hydrogen production) in the steelmaking industry. This system will be tested at TRL 7, and the integration at full scale will be studied from the energy and system perspectives.
As main conclusion of this session, it can be seen that there is not one single solution for all the facilities and industries. The implementation of CO2 capture strategies in the industrial sector is heterogeneous and flexible, while the carbon removal degree will be a function of the feedstock, product, location, and regulatory factors.